Electrostatic chuck and its manufacturing method

ABSTRACT

An electrode pattern ( 3 ) of an electrostatic chuck ( 100 ) includes linear portions ( 31   a   , 31   b ) in a radial direction and a plurality of [i]concentric C-shaped portions ( 32   a   , 32   b ) branching out from the linear portions ( 31   a   , 31   b ). The linear portions are disposed opposite to each other in a diametrical direction and are roughly in a straight line. The C-shaped portions ( 32   a   , 32   b ) are in the form of concentric circles and these concentric circles are engaged alternately like teeth of a comb.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a bipolar electrostatic chuck, which is used in the manufacture of various semiconductor thin film devices like amorphous silicon solar cell, thin film transistors used in liquid crystal displays etc. The electrostatic chuck in the present invention can achieve a stable and uniform adsorptivity over almost the whole of a wafer adsorption area using a simple electrode pattern.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Electrostatic chucks have an electrode, and the electrostatic chucks are used to hold a wafer to a wafer stage by Coulomb's force acting between the electrode and the wafer. As against mechanical chucks, in the electrostatic chucks, almost the whole of the bottom surface of the wafer closely adheres onto the wafer stage so that the wafer can be cooled effectively. Therefore, the electrostatic chuck is used widely. There are two types of electrostatic chuck: monopole electrostatic chuck and bipolar electrostatic chuck. In the case of the monopole electrostatic chucks, adsorption does not occur if there is no plasma around. Therefore, the monopole electrostatic chuck can be used only in plasma processing units. On the other hand, in the case of the bipolar electrostatic chucks, plasma is not required for the adsorption.

[0003]FIG. 5 is a top view illustrating a pattern of electrodes in a conventional electrostatic chuck. An electrostatic chuck 500 includes a pair of electrodes 501 a and 501 b (electrode pattern) in the form of concentric arcs. These electrodes are embedded inside an insulating body on a surface. One electrode 501 a is a positive electrode and the other electrode 501 b is a negative electrode. These electrodes 501 a and 501 b make up the whole of the wafer adsorption area of the electrostatic chuck 500. The positive electrode 501 a includes a linear portion 502 a formed in radial direction and a plurality of concentric arc portions 503 a branched out from the linear portion 502 a. The linear portions 502 a and the arc portions 503 a are disposed in such a way that they form a circle together. The electrodes 501 a facing each other in two halves of the circle are connected to each other in the outermost peripheral circle.

[0004] The negative electrode 501 b is structured similarly. However, the electrodes 502 b facing each other in two halves of a circle are connected to each other at the center of the circle. The positive electrode 501 a and the negative electrode 501 b are formed by the arc portions 503 a and 503 b, which are disposed alternately and engaged like teeth of a comb. This pattern of electrodes 501 a and 501 b can be formed with precision by photo fabrication. When a voltage is applied on both of the positive and negative electrodes 501 a and 501 b of the electrostatic chuck 500, a stable and uniform adsorptivity is generated over almost the whole of the wafer adsorption area due to the electrode patterns 501 and 502 b.

[0005] Sometimes, the wafer stage employing the electrostatic chuck 500 is provided with lifting pins to separate the wafer. The lifting pins are provided such that they protrude out from lifting pinholes that are spread evenly on the wafer stage. It is desirable to have 3 lifting pins (not shown in the diagram) 120 degrees apart to ensure that the wafer is supported firmly by the lifting pins.

[0006] However, in the electrostatic chuck 500, the linear portions 502 a and 502 b in the radial direction of the positive and negative electrodes 501 a and 501 b, are 90 degrees apart. Therefore, one or two lifting pinholes have to be provided on these linear portions 502 a and 502 b. However, it is desirable that electrode pattern must be designed to avoid this. In one of the structures, the electrode patterns 501 a and 501 b that are in the form of branches are disposed opposite to each other and connected to each other at either the outermost peripheral circle or at the center. This structure results in complicating the electrode patterns 501 a and 501 b.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to achieve stable and uniform adsorptivity over almost the whole of the wafer adsorption area by using a simple pattern of electrodes.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0008] An electrostatic chuck in the present invention is a bipolar electrostatic chuck having a positive and a negative electrode embedded in an insulating body on a wafer stage. The positive and the negative electrodes include linear radial portions extending in a radial direction and a plurality of concentric C-shaped portions branching from both sides of the linear portions. The linear portions are facing opposite to each other and are disposed such that they lie on a line that is almost straight, in the radial direction. The C-shaped portions of the positive and the negative electrodes are disposed alternately and engaged like teeth of a comb to form an electrode pattern.

[0009] The C-shaped portions branch out from radial linear portions. When these C-shaped portions are engaged alternately like teeth of a comb, a circular structure is formed and the positive and negative electrodes are distributed uniformly. Moreover, because of the branching out of the C-shaped portions from the radial linear portions, the electrode pattern is comparatively simple. Coulomb's force acts between the electrode and the wafer by applying direct current on the positive and negative electrodes, thereby carrying out adsorption of the wafer. Since the positive and the negative electrodes are distributed uniformly, uniform and stable adsorptivity is achieved.

[0010] An electrostatic chuck in the next aspect of the present invention is a bipolar electrostatic chuck having positive and negative electrodes embedded in an insulating body on a wafer stage. The positive and the negative electrodes include a plurality of concentric C-shaped portions and a plurality of short linear portions that are connected to the adjacent C-shaped portions in the radial direction. The C-shaped portions of the positive and the negative electrodes are disposed alternately and engaged like teeth of a comb. The short linear portions are disposed by shifting each C-shaped portion of the same polarity in a circumferential direction.

[0011] Thus, because the linear portion is formed of a plurality of short linear portions and is disposed by shifting in the circumferential direction, it is possible to reduce uneven distribution of either or both of positive or negative electrodes. Thus, it is possible to achieve uniform and stable adsorptivity.

[0012] The electrostatic chuck in still another aspect of the present invention is provided with nodes on the linear portions for power supply. The electrode pattern of this electrostatic chuck is a symmetrical form employing a plurality of C-shaped portions that are branched out. Therefore, a resistance value of the electrode pattern becomes uniform by providing a node on the linear portion. Consequently, uniform and stable adsorptivity is achieved.

[0013] The electrostatic chuck in still another aspect of the present invention is further provided with wafer lifting pins between the adjacent C-shaped portions and not on the linear portions.

[0014] It is desirable to dispose the wafer lifting pins evenly such that they are 120 degrees apart. In the present invention, the linear portions are disposed opposite to each other on a line in the radial direction. Therefore by avoiding this linear portion, the wafer lifting pins can be provided 120 degrees apart. Furthermore, by providing these wafer lifting pins between the adjacent C-shaped portions, there is no need of forming a complicated electrode pattern in which these wafer lifting pins are to be avoided. Moreover, providing the wafer lifting pins between the C-shaped portions means that the center is disposed between the C-shaped portions. Therefore, a case of interference with the C-shaped portions is also included.

[0015] The electrostatic chuck in still another aspect of the present invention is provided with a positive and a negative electrode having a shape of a comma extended spirally (hereinafter “comma-shaped”) such that they are point symmetrical. The positive and negative electrodes in shape of letter S are disposed between these comma-shaped electrodes such that the positive electrode is adjacent to the comma-shaped negative electrode and the negative electrode is adjacent to the comma-shaped positive electrode.

[0016] The comma-shaped positive and negative electrodes are as illustrated in FIG. 4. The reverse S-shaped positive and negative electrodes are disposed between these electrodes. Thus, in most of the radial directions there is a plurality of the same electrode (For example, in FIG. 4, there are three positive electrodes). Moreover, the positive and negative electrodes are symmetrical and area of both the electrodes is exactly the same. Therefore, stable and uniform adsorption can be achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017]FIG. 1 is a top view of an electrode pattern of an electrostatic chuck in a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0018]FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the electrostatic chuck in FIG. 1;

[0019]FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an example of variation of the electrode pattern in FIG. 1;

[0020]FIG. 4 is a top view of an electrode pattern of an electrostatic chuck in a second embodiment of the present invention; and

[0021]FIG. 5 is a top view of an electrode pattern of a conventional electrostatic chuck.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0022] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be explained hereinafter in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This invention is not limited by these embodiments. Moreover, technical changes in design of components in the following embodiments may be carried out by a person having ordinary skill in the art.

[0023] [First Embodiment]

[0024]FIG. 1 is a top view of an electrode pattern of an electrostatic chuck in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the electrostatic chuck in FIG. 1. An electrostatic chuck 100 includes a wafer stage 1, an insulating body 2 that is provided on the wafer stage 1, and a bipolar electrode 3 (electrode pattern 3) embedded in the insulating body 2. A positive electrode 3 a and a negative electrode 3 b have linear portions 31 a and 31 b in radial direction. A plurality of C-shaped portions 32 a and 32 b are branched out from the linear portion 31 a and 31 b. The linear portions 31 a and 31 b are diametrically opposite to each other and almost in a straight line. Moreover, the C-shaped portions 32 a and 32 b are concentric and are engaged alternately like teeth of a comb.

[0025] Furthermore, an edge of the linear portion 31 a of the positive electrode is circular in shape and is in the C-shaped portion of the negative electrode having a minimum diameter. The electrode pattern 3 can be formed with precision by a photolithography process. It is desirable to have about 3 to 4 C-shaped portions 32 a and 32 b, which are extended like branches, to simplify the pattern and to increase electrode area. A ceramic like alumina is used for the insulating body 2.

[0026] Lifting pinholes 4 are disposed at a portion where the electrode pattern 3 is not formed, such as at the center of the hole. The holes are disposed by avoiding the linear areas 31 a and 31 b of positive and the negative electrodes respectively. Therefore, the linear portions 31 a and 31 b are unaffected and the structure is simple. Moreover, the electrode pattern 3 is embedded in the insulating body 2 that is provided on the wafer stage 1. The wafer stage 1 includes a cooling water tube (not shown in the figure), a lifting pin mechanism 5 etc. inside the stage. A direct current power supply 6 is connected to the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b.

[0027] The lifting pin mechanism 5 includes a pin shaft 51 that is made of alumina and that passes through the lifting pinhole 4, a flange 52 that accommodates the pin shaft 51 and through which helium gas is introduced, and an air cylinder 53 that moves the pin shaft 51 up and down. Bellows 54 isolate the inside of the flange 52 from the outside. Moreover, an outlet 7 for helium gas is provided at a center of the wafer stage 1.

[0028] A node 8 that is connected to the direct current power supply 6 is provided almost at the center of the linear portions 31 a and 31 b of the electrode pattern 3. The positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b have uniform width and almost equal area and thickness. The electrode pattern is symmetrical in shape and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are very similar to each other. Therefore the electrode pattern 3 has almost same resistance. If the node 8 is to be disposed according to the positive and the negative electrodes, it can be disposed in any position. Thus, the structure can be designed with utmost liberty not only when there is only one node 8 but particularly when a plurality of nodes 8 is provided.

[0029] When a direct current 6 is applied to the positive and the negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b, Coulomb's force acts between a wafer W and the electrode 3 and the wafer W is adsorbed into the electrode 3. At the time of adsorption, the electrode pattern 3 is formed as explained above. Therefore, the Coulomb's force corresponding to the wafer W acts over almost the whole of the wafer adsorption area. Moreover, it is desirable to have equal area of the positive and the negative electrode patterns in general. However, a simple form of pattern is used in the electrode pattern 3 and complications in the form caused due to the lifting pin mechanism are minimized. Therefore, it is easy to make the area of the positive and the negative electrodes equal.

[0030] In this electrostatic chuck 100, due to the simple electrode pattern 3, it is possible to achieve stable and uniform adsorptivity over almost the whole of the wafer adsorption area. As a result, temperature unevenness of the wafer W is eliminated, thereby making uniform processing possible.

[0031] There is a case in which a radio frequency (RF) is superimposed on the electrode pattern 3 to carry out sputter etching. In conventional electrostatic chucks, the electrode pattern in which electrodes facing opposite to each other is partly connected. Therefore, the convergence of current in the positive and the negative electrodes becomes difficult. On the other hand, in the electrostatic chuck 100 of the present invention, there is hardly any portion where the convergence of current becomes difficult. Moreover, generation of heat by the electrode 3 is suppressed due to the use of alternately engaged comb teeth form in the electrode pattern 3.

[0032] Moreover, when the electrostatic chuck 100 is used in a plasma processing unit, the wafer W is negatively charged. Although the adsorptivity acts between the negative charge on the wafer W and a positive charge on the positive electrode 3 a, a repulsive force acts between the negative charge on the wafer W and a negative charge on negative electrode 3 b. However, the electrode pattern 3 of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is made to have equal area and the electrodes are distributed uniformly by arranging in the alternately engaged comb teeth pattern. Therefore, even when the electrostatic chuck 100 is used in the plasma processing unit, it is possible to improve the overall close contact.

[0033]FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an example of variation of the electrode pattern in FIG. 1. In this electrode pattern, linear portions (short linear portions) 33 a and 33 b between the adjacent C-shaped portions 32 a and 32 b are shifted in a circumferential direction. The new structure as a result of this shifting of the short linear portions 33 a and 33 b, prohibits concentration of one of the positive electrodes in one position, thereby distributing the positive electrodes uniformly. This structure enables to achieve stable and uniform adsorptivity over the whole of the wafer adsorption area and is particularly effective when the electrostatic chuck 100 is used in the plasma processing unit.

[0034] [Second Embodiment]

[0035]FIG. 4 is a top view of an electrode pattern of an electrostatic chuck in the second embodiment of the present invention, which is explained next. An electrode 201 (an electrode pattern 201) of an electrostatic chuck 200 includes comma-shaped positive and negative electrodes, 202 a and 202 b. The pattern is formed such that the comma-shaped electrodes 202 a and 202 b are point symmetrical from the center of the electrode pattern 201. Ends of the comma-shaped electrodes 202 a and 202 b narrow toward the circumference of the circle.

[0036] Moreover, the S-shaped positive and negative electrodes 203 a and 203 b are disposed between the comma-shaped electrodes 202 a and 202 b. Ends of the S-shaped electrodes 203 a and 203 b also narrow toward the circumference of the circle. Thus, the reverse S-shaped negative electrode 203 b is adjacent to the comma-shaped positive electrode 202 a and the reverse S-shaped positive electrode 203 a is adjacent to the comma-shaped negative electrode 202 b. Contact points 205 connected to a direct current power supply 204 are provided on a head portion of comma-shaped electrodes 202 a and 202 b and at a position approximately halfway on the reverse S-shaped electrodes 203 a and 203 b.

[0037] According to the electrode pattern 201, in almost all radial directions, there are 3 electrodes having the same polarity and moreover, the area of comma-shaped electrodes 202 a and 202 b can be increased. Moreover, the positive and negative electrodes are symmetrical and their area is exactly the same. Therefore, stable and uniform adsorption can be achieved over almost the whole of the wafer adsorption area. Further, even when used in a plasma processing unit, there are 3 positive electrodes in almost all radial directions thereby enabling to achieve stable adsorption. When a radio frequency (RF) is superimposed on the electrode pattern 201, there is hardly any portion in which current is converged. Therefore, generation of heat by the electrode pattern 201 is suppressed considerably.

[0038] Thus, according to an electrostatic chuck in[d] one aspect of the present invention, a positive and a negative electrode pattern includes linear portions of radius extended in a radial direction and a plurality of concentric C-shaped portions that branches out from the both sides of the linear portions. The C-shaped portions of positive and negative electrodes are engaged alternately like teeth of a comb. Due to such simple structuring of positive and negative electrode pattern, it is possible to achieve uniform and stable adsorptivity.

[0039] According to an electrostatic chuck in another aspect of the present invention, a positive and a negative electrode pattern includes a plurality of concentric C-shaped portions and a plurality of short linear portions that link the adjacent C-shaped portions in a radial direction. The C-shaped portions of positive and negative electrodes are engaged alternately like teeth of a comb. Moreover, the short linear portions are shifted in circumferential direction together with the C-shaped portions of the same electrode that are adjacent in the radial direction. Therefore, it is possible to reduce an unevenly distributed portion of either of positive or negative electrode and both electrodes. Thus, it is possible to achieve uniform and stable adsorptivity.

[0040] According to an electrostatic chuck instill another aspect of the present invention, nodes are provided on linear portions to supply electric power. Therefore, it is possible to further stabilize and uniform the adsorptivity of the electrostatic chuck.

[0041] According to an electrostatic chuck in still [d]another aspect of the present invention, wafer lifting pins are provided between adjacent C-shaped portions and linear portions. Therefore, even when the wafer lifting pins are provided to the electrostatic chuck, forming of a comparatively simple electrode pattern can serve the purpose.

[0042] According to an electrostatic chuck in still another aspect of the present invention, positive and comma-shaped negative electrodes are provided such that they are point symmetrical from a center of an electrode pattern. Positive and negative electrodes in S shape are disposed between the comma-shaped electrodes such that, the positive electrode is adjacent to the comma-shaped negative electrode and the negative electrode is adjacent to the comma-shaped positive electrode. Thus, [d] it is possible to achieve uniform and stable adsorptivity by [i]providing a simple electrode pattern.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0043] Thus, an electrostatic chuck in the present invention is very useful for manufacturing of various semiconductor thin film devices and suitable for achieving stable and uniform adsorptivity over almost whole of the wafer adsorption area. 

1-5. (Canceled)
 6. A bipolar electrostatic chuck comprising: a positive electrode and a negative electrode that are almost circular in shape, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode include linear portions extending in a radial direction and a plurality of concentric C-shaped portions branching from both sides of the linear portions, and the linear portions are opposite to each other in a diametrical direction and are disposed such that they lie on a line that is almost straight, and the C-shaped portions are disposed such that they are engaged alternately like teeth of a comb to form an electrode pattern.
 7. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 6, further comprising a node, to supply electric power, on the linear portion.
 8. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 6, further comprising wafer lifting pins on a region that is between the adjacent C-shaped portions and that excludes the linear portions.
 9. A bipolar electrostatic chuck comprising: a positive electrode and a negative electrode that are almost circular in shape, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrodes include a plurality of concentric C-shaped portions and a plurality of short linear portions connected to the adjacent C-shaped portions in the radial direction, and the C-shaped portions are disposed such that they are engaged alternately like teeth of a comb and each of the short linear portions is disposed by shifting in a circumferential direction in between two radially adjacent C-shaped portions of the same polarity.
 10. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 9, further comprising a node, to supply electric power, on the linear portion.
 11. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 9, further comprising wafer lifting pins on a region that is between the adjacent C-shaped portions and that excludes the linear portions.
 12. An electrostatic chuck comprising: a comma-shaped positive electrode and a comma-shaped negative electrode that are point symmetrical; and a reverse S-shaped positive electrode and a reverse S-shaped negative electrode that are disposed between the comma-shaped positive electrode and the comma-shaped negative electrode, wherein the reverse S-shaped positive electrode is adjacent to the comma-shaped negative electrode and the reverse S-shaped negative electrode is adjacent to the comma-shaped positive electrode.
 13. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 12, further comprising: a node, to supply electric power, on the head portion of each of the comma-shaped positive electrode and the comma-shaped negative electrode; and a node, to supply electric power, at a position approximately halfway on the reverse S-shaped positive electrode and the reverse S-shaped negative electrode. 